Cross-sectional associations between lifetime use of psychedelic drugs and psychometric measures during the COVID-19 confinement: a transcultural study
Authors:
Dóra Révész, Genís Oña, Giordano N. Rossi, Juliana M. Rocha, Rafael G. dos Santos, Jaime E. C. Hallak, Miguel Á. Alcázar-Córcoles, and José Carlos Bouso.
Journal:
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Year:
2021
About the study
This study is the first of a series of three papers that will be published on the relationship between psychedelic use and the psychological effects of the pandemic. This is a first baseline paper, which simply describes how people felt right at the beginning of the confinement. There will be a second paper with the results of the 2 and 6 month follow-ups and a third final paper focusing specifically on coping strategies.
Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, we wanted to explore the potential protective effect of lifetime use of psychedelic drugs through psychometric measures using a multi-language (with an online survey in English, Spanish, and Portuguese) and transcultural approach.
The results showed some clear and remarkable signs of psychological distress. However, regular psychedelic drug use was associated with better outcomes in terms of general health and regarding stress measures. Therefore, the use of psychedelics might be a protective factor.
Abstract
Background: One of the main public health strategies adopted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic consisted of implementing strict lockdowns to stop the transmission of the virus. Despite being an effective measure, the confinement and the associated social isolation create a stressful, potentially lengthy situations that has been proven to have several psychological consequences. Given the potential benefits that certain psychedelic drugs have shown for the treatment of psychological disorders, this study aimed to assess the impact of lifetime psychedelic drug use on mental health in relation to the first strict lockdown adopted by various countries (April-July 2020).
Methods: Subjects completed an online survey that inquired about sociodemographic factors, activities, and lifestyle factors during confinement, as well as health and mental health related factors. Subjects were asked about their lifetime use of psychedelic drugs (MDMA, ayahuasca, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, LSD, peyote, San Pedro, Bufo alvarius or 5-MeO-DMT, and others), being classified as regular users (more than once per 6 months), occasional users, or non-users. The survey included psychometric tests used to assess psychological distress, peritraumatic stress, social support, psychopathological symptoms, and personality. Linear regressions were performed with psychedelic drug users as the independent variable and psychometric factors as the outcomes, while correcting for age, gender, language, religion, spirituality, and use of non-psychedelic drugs.
Results: The study included 2,974 English, Portuguese, and Spanish speakers (497 regular users of psychedelic drugs, 606 occasional users, and 1,968 non-users). On average, respondents were 36 years old and 70% were female. Psychedelic drug users, especially regular ones, reported less psychological distress, less peritraumatic stress, and more social support. Regarding personality measures, psychedelic drug users scored higher on the novelty-seeking and self-transcendence scales, and lower on cooperativeness.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that regular users of psychedelic drugs had less psychological stress and some personality differences when compared to occasional users and non-users. This suggests that either the use of psychedelics might be a protective factor itself or people with certain previous traits are more prone to frequently using psychedelic drugs. Future prospective longitudinal research should investigate the underlying processes observed in this study to develop consistent hypotheses.
Photo by Christian Lue on Unsplash.
Categories:
Studies & papers
, Psychedelics
Tags:
COVID-19
, pandemic
, hallucinogens
, mental health
, personality
, well-being
, distress
, social support
, cross-cultural
, scientific research
, study
, psychopathology
, psychoactive
, psychedelics